1. Define TPS & DSS, and explain how an organisation can use these systems to make decisions and gain competitive advantages.
TPS - Transaction Processing Systems is a type of information system that collects, stores, modifies and retrieves the data transactions of an enterprise. The success of enterprises depend on the reliable processing of transactions to ensure that customer orders are met on time, that they can make payment and that partners and suppliers are paid.
DDS - Decision Support System is a class of information systems that support business and organizational decision-making activities. A properly designed decision support system is an interactive software-based system intended to help decision makers compile useful information from a combination of raw data, personal knowledge, documents, or business models to identity and solve problems and make decisions.
2. Describe the three quantitative models typically used by decision support systems.
Three quantitative models often used by DDS include:
1. Sensitivity analysis – study of the impact that changes in one (or more) parts of the model have on other parts of the model. Users change the value of one variable repeatedly and observe the resulting changes in other variables.
2. What-if analysis - checks the impact of a change in an assumption on the proposed solution.
3. Goal-seeking analysis - finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output.
3. Describe a business processes and their importance to an organisation.
A business process is a standardised set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as processing a customers order. Business processes transform a set of inputs into a set of outputs for another person or process by using peoples and tools.
4. Compare business process improvement and business process re-engineering.
Business Process Improvement - is paramount in order to stay competitive in today’s electronic marketplace. Organisations must improve their business processes because customers are demanding better products and services. Business process improvement attempts to understand and measure the current process and make performance improvements accordingly.
Business Process Re-engineering - the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises. BPR relies on a different school of thought than business process improvement. In the extreme, BPR assumes that the current process is irrelevant, does not work, or is broken and must be overhauled from scratch. Such a clean slate enables business process designers to disassociate themselves from today’s process and focus on a new process.
5. Describe the importance of business process modelling (or mapping) and business process models.
Business Process Modelling (or mapping) - is the activity of creating a detailed flowchart or process map of a work process, showing its inputs, tasks and activities in a structured sequence.
Business Process Model - is a graphic description of a process, showing the sequence of process tasks, which is developed for a specific purpose and from a selected viewpoint. A set of one or more process models details the many functions of a system or subject area with graphics and text. The purpose of a process model is to:
>Expose process detail gradually and in a controlled manner;
>Encourage conciseness and accuracy in describing the process model
>Focus attention on the process model interfaces;
>Provide a powerful process analysis and consistent design vocabulary.
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